"[1] The technology perfected in the Obninsk pilot plant[7] was later employed on a much larger scale in the RBMK reactors.[3]. In just three years, Russian scientists and engineers moved the project from conception to operation. The history of Obninsk began in 1945 when the First Research Institute Laboratory "V", which later became known as IPPEwas founded. the first nuclear reactor that produced commercial electricity,[3] albeit at small scale. The plant was under construction for three years and operated for a solid 48 years until it was shut down in 2002. Connected to the power grid in June 1954, Obninsk was the first grid-connected nuclear power plant in the world,[2] i.e. Thermal output was 30 MW. As is known, in 1949 the Soviet Union producedtest the first Soviet atomic bomb. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant. [8], Construction started on 1 January 1951. [5] The plant is also known as APS-1 Obninsk (Atomic Power Station 1 Obninsk). It was a prototype design using a graphite moderator and water coolant. Lua error in Module:Coordinates at line 668: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. It remained in operation between 1954 and 2002,[1] although its production of electricity for the grid ceased in 1959; thereafter it functioned as a research and isotope production plant only. The Obninsk reactor, built near Moscow and commissioned on June 27, 1954, was the world’s first nuclear power plant to supply electricity for civilian homes and businesses. [4] It was located at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering. Soviet research into nuclear power began with a secret order in 1942 to conduct uranium research and accelerated after the success of the Manhattan Project in the United States. Studies range from radiatio… Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant. It operated for forty-eight years, until it was decommissioned in 2002. https://ethw.org/w/index.php?title=Obninsk_Nuclear_Power_Plant&oldid=103635. It generated five megawatts, enough power to support two thousand homes, and established Obninsk as a center for Russian research in nuclear physics similar to Oak Ridge, Tennessee. info)]), was built in the "Science City" of Obninsk,[1] Kaluga Oblast, about 110 km southwest of Moscow. The first nuclear power plant in the world was the Obninsk nuclear power plant. [6], According to Lev Kotchetkov, who was there at the time: "Although utilisation of generated heat was going on, and production of isotopes was even enhanced, the main task was to carry out experimental studies on 17 test loops installed in the reactor. The military rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union played out in the development of nuclear weapons, but also in the creation of nuclear energy. [9][10] For around 4 years, until the opening of the Siberian Nuclear Power Station, Obninsk remained the only nuclear power reactor in the Soviet Union; the power plant remained active until April 29, 2002 when it was finally shut down. info)]) was built in the "Science City" of Obninsk,[1] Kaluga Oblast, about 110 km (68 mi) southwest of Moscow, Soviet Union. [1], The next Soviet nuclear power plant to be connected to their grid was Beloyarsk Unit 1 in 1964 with a capacity of 100 MWe.[11]. The tests were successful, and officials thought about the peaceful use of atomic energy. According to Kotchetkov, in its 48 years of operation there were no significant incidents resulting in personnel overdose or mortality, or radioactive release to the environment exceeding permissible limits. The city was built next to the plant in order to support it. Espionage and heavy investment allowed the Soviets to catch up to American research in the field, and, by 1946, nuclear physicist Igor Kurchatov produced the country’s first sustained nuclear reaction. the first nuclear reactor that produced electricity industrially,[3] albeit at small scale. The plant had a single water-cooled uranium-graphite channel-type reaction. [11], From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Location of Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant in Russia. They launched it in Obninsk, Kaluga region in 1954. First criticality was achieved on 6 May 1954, and the first grid connection was made on 27 June 1954. Scientists, engineers, construction workers, teachers and other professionals moved to Obninsk from all over the Soviet Union.

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