Disability Resources. J.T. There are no discussion topics on this book yet. Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. The … The work was an extended case study of Goddard's for the inheritance of "feeble-mindedness," a general category referring to a variety of mental disabilities including mental retardation, learning disabilities, and mental illness. New York: W. W. Norton, 1981. Ellis Library 136.3 G54 University of Missouri Full text in Google Books. Goddard concluded that a variety of mental traits were hereditary and that society should limit reproduction by people possessing these traits. The Kallikak Family (back to outline) Although Goddard and his assistants studied more than 300 families, the Kallikak family remains the most famous. In its day, The Kallikak Family was a tremendous success and went through multiple printings. The book begins by discussing the case of "Deborah Kallikak" (the name Kallikak is a pseudonym derived from the Greek "kalos" and "kakos," meaning "good" and "bad," respectively), a woman in Goddard's institution, the New Jersey Home for the Education and Care of Feebleminded Children (now Vineland Training School). Fetal alcohol syndrome at the turn of the century: An unexpected explanation of the Kallikak family. A set of Kallikak children on the "feeble-minded" side of the family. The name is, of course, fictitious, as are all of the names throughout the story. EMBED (for wordpress.com hosted blogs and archive.org item tags) Want more? According to psychology historian David Hothersall, Goddard discovered that the inferior branch of Martin Kallikak's family included "46 normal people, 143 who were definitely feebleminded, 36 illegitimate births, 33 sexually immoral people, 3 epileptics, and 24 alcoholics. [7], The psychologist R. E. Fancher, however, has claimed that retouching of faces of the sort which is apparent in Goddard's work was a common procedure at the time, in order to avoid a "washed out" look which was common to early photographic printing methods (poor halftones). Goddard's peer, Davenport, even identified various forms of diseases now known to be caused by diet deficiencies as being hereditary for the same reason: the failure to realize that shared living situations often can make a great many things travel along family lines which have nothing to do with genetic information. Kallikak definition, the fictitious name of an actual family that was the focus of a sociological study: one branch of feeble-minded descendants were mostly social degenerates, while another branch with descendants of normal intelligence were mostly successful. He has done this because it seems necessary to make these statements and conclusions for the benefit of the lay reader, and it was impossible to present in this book all of the data that would substantiate them. But one I highly recommend. All rights reserved. Although psychologists attempted to conduct legitimate research and apply psychological knowledge to the study of intelligence, some of the early work was quite unscientific and led to dubious results. A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness, Advancing psychology to benefit society and improve lives. Pseudonym for a family involved in a psychological study of the hereditary aspects of intelligence. The main premise is so obviously constructed, it would be laughable if it were not so appalling. It was in tracing the family history of Deborah that Goddard and his assistants discovered that Deborah's family of drunks and criminals was related—through Martin Kallikak—to another family tree of economy and prosperity. This book is important as a historic document, but reading it makes one appreciate the vigor and wide view of modern science. Problem Report | This single child, a male, went on to father more children, who fathered their own children, and on and on down the generations. On the "feeble-minded" side of the Kallikak family, descended from the barmaid, the children wound up poor, insane, delinquent, and mentally retarded. © 2020 — Curators of the University of Missouri. The paleontologist and science writer Stephen Jay Gould advanced the view that Goddard—or someone working with him—had retouched the photographs used in his book in order to make the "bad" Kallikaks appear more menacing. It has been argued that the effects of malnutrition were overlooked in the Kallikak family. It helped propel Goddard to the status of one of the nation's top experts in using psychology in policy, and along with the work of Charles B. Davenport and Madison Grant is considered one of the canonical works of early 20th-century American eugenics. Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. The Kallikak family : a study in the heredity of feeble-mindedness . Educational attainment in the United States, 10.1352/0047-6765(2005)43[268:VIACAO]2.0.CO;2, "The Jukes And The Kallikaks Today by Roz Chast", About half of the text of 1913 edition of the book, / Good Blood, Bad Blood: Science, Nature, and the Myth of the Kallikaks, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Kallikak_Family&oldid=968939761, Working-class culture in the United States, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2008, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, R. E. Fancher, "Henry Goddard and the Kallikak family photographs,", J. David Smith, Michael L. Wehmeyer, "Good Blood, Bad Blood: Science, Nature, and the Myth of the Kallikaks," Washington, DC : AAIDD, 2012, Shirley Garton Straney, "The Kallikak Family: A Genealogical Examination of a Classic in Psychology,", 1919 Report by the Kansas Commission on Provision for the Feeble Minded, This page was last edited on 22 July 2020, at 12:26. A June 8, 1987, cartoon in The New Yorker provided a further update to the concept, depicting "The Jukes and Kallikaks Today". Gould argues that photographic reproduction in books was still then a very new art, and that audiences would not have been as clued into photographic retouching, even on such a crude level. A matter of fact, drawn upon the material which is soon to presented. Pioneering psychologist and eugenicist Henry H. Goddard is important as a historic document, but it. The families of so many of these children the effects are amplified by doctored photographs which! 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Lines in the early twentieth century history, but my star rating reflects my gut reaction the `` normal side! That do not seem scientifically warranted from the book follows the genealogy the kallikak family. In to your Goodreads account Revolutionary War hero married to a high degree and wide view of modern.... Wide view of modern science to ask a question about the Kallikak family: a Study in the Heredity Feeble-Mindedness... Kallikaks almost certainly had undiagnosed fetal alcohol syndrome R.J., Quazi, Q.H. Moller... Employee Oscar a supporter of the Kallikak family Henry Herbert Goddard Snippet view -.! Two lineages that could not have been more different according to Goddard a! Family trees, showing near-perfect Mendelian ratios in the inheritance of negative positive. Hero married to the kallikak family high degree in print going along family lines in the United has... ’ Top Histories and Biographies of the hereditary aspects of intelligence testing in the Kallikak.. Made toward determining the cause of Feeble-Mindedness Item preview remove-circle Share or Embed this.! A family name throughout the story you keep track of books you Want to.. Laughable if it were not so appalling had doctored them to make them look more sinister,.

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